Schematic design is a foundational phase in the structural engineering process, where essential structural elements are identified and conceptualised for a building project. This early stage is crucial for setting the direction of the entire construction project, providing the framework for future detailed design and construction. At Paul Basham Associates, with over 40 years of structural engineering experience, we work closely with architects during RIBA Stage 2 to develop the key structural elements that will form the backbone of the project.
Why is Schematic Design Important in Construction?
In the construction design process, schematic design helps ensure the overall structural integrity of the building while keeping the project on track in terms of budget, timeline, and functionality. It identifies load-bearing elements like beams, columns, and foundations, and it evaluates early decisions on materials, layout, and compliance with building codes and regulations. Early collaboration between engineers and architects ensures that the building’s structure will be safe, efficient, and ready for the next phases of the project.
Key Elements of Schematic Design in Structural Engineering
- Load-Bearing Elements in Schematic Design: A significant component of schematic design is determining the load-bearing elements that will support the building’s weight. These elements typically include beams, columns, slabs, walls, and foundations. Engineers provide approximate section sizes based on engineering judgment and industry best practices, ensuring that the foundation is sound and ready for future design stages.
- Understanding the Load Path in Structural Design: One of the most critical aspects of schematic design is identifying how the loads (such as weight and environmental forces) will be transferred through the building’s structure. This is known as the load path. Understanding the load path early allows engineers to select the most efficient stability system, optimise material use, and determine where transfer structures may be necessary to ensure the structure’s safety.
- Material Considerations in Schematic Design: At the schematic design stage, engineers evaluate various materials that could be used in the project, even though the final material selection may not yet be confirmed. It’s important to explore the advantages and disadvantages of each material, considering factors like cost, structural performance, and sustainability. Options like steel, concrete, and timber are typically evaluated based on the building’s needs and the project’s budget.
- Spatial Planning and Layout Considerations: A well-planned spatial layout is crucial to a building’s functionality. During schematic design, engineers and architects work together to ensure the column grids, space requirements, and building layout match the intended function of the building. For example, the column grid for a car parking structure might be different from that of an office space. Proper spatial planning ensures that the building will be efficient and cost-effective in its use of space.
- Compliance with Building Codes and Regulations: Ensuring the design complies with local building codes and regulations is a fundamental part of schematic design. During this stage, engineers address critical safety factors such as loading capacity, wind forces, fire ratings, and disproportionate collapse. Our approach ensures that the building design meets all safety standards, reducing the risk of costly revisions during later stages.
- Sustainability in Schematic Design: Sustainability is a growing concern in the construction industry, and schematic design is the ideal time to explore sustainable building practices. Engineers assess ways to reduce environmental impact, such as optimising column grids to allow for shallower slab depths or eliminating unnecessary transfer structures. At Paul Basham Associates, we can provide embodied carbon values for each design option to help clients meet LETI (Low Energy Transformation Initiative) targets, ensuring the building design is energy-efficient and environmentally responsible.
How Does Schematic Design Affect Project Costs?
In the construction design process, schematic design plays a crucial role in controlling project costs. By evaluating material options, load paths, and spatial layouts early on, we can help avoid unexpected costs and ensure the project stays within budget. Early attention to detail reduces the likelihood of major changes during the detailed design or construction stages, saving both time and money.
When Should You Start Schematic Design for Your Project?
Schematic design is best initiated early in the project timeline to lay the groundwork for future stages of design and construction. By starting schematic design during the early phases of the project, you ensure that key structural decisions, such as load-bearing elements, material considerations, and spatial planning, are made well in advance. This not only streamlines the design process but also helps mitigate potential challenges later in the project.
Why Choose Paul Basham Associates for Your Schematic Design Needs?
At Paul Basham Associates, we believe that schematic design is the heart of every successful building project. With over 40 years of structural engineering expertise, our team works closely with architects during RIBA Stage 2 to develop comprehensive, efficient, and sustainable designs. By using 3D models, sketches, and detailed commentary on architectural drawings, we deliver structural solutions that meet our clients’ needs while maintaining structural integrity and architectural elegance.
If you're ready to begin your building project and want to ensure your schematic design is comprehensive, cost-effective, and sustainable, contact Paul Basham Associates today. Our expert structural engineers are here to provide the support and insights you need to set your project on the path to success.